JSON

Libbson provides routines for converting to and from the JSON format. In particular, it supports the MongoDB extended JSON format.

Converting BSON to JSON

There are often times where you might want to convert a BSON document to JSON. It is convenient for debugging as well as an interchange format. To help with this, Libbson contains the functions bson_as_canonical_extended_json() and bson_as_relaxed_extended_json(). The canonical format preserves BSON type information for values that may have ambiguous representations in JSON (e.g. numeric types).

bson_t *b;
size_t len;
char *str;

b = BCON_NEW ("a", BCON_INT32 (1));

str = bson_as_canonical_extended_json (b, &len);
printf ("%s\n", str);
bson_free (str);

bson_destroy (b);

{ "a" : { "$numberInt": "1" } }

The relaxed format prefers JSON primitives for numeric values and may be used if type fidelity is not required.

bson_t *b;
size_t len;
char *str;

b = BCON_NEW ("a", BCON_INT32 (1));

str = bson_as_relaxed_extended_json (b, &len);
printf ("%s\n", str);
bson_free (str);

bson_destroy (b);

{ "a" : 1 }

Converting JSON to BSON

Converting back from JSON is also useful and common enough that we added bson_init_from_json() and bson_new_from_json().

The following example creates a new bson_t from the JSON string {"a":1}.

bson_t *b;
bson_error_t error;

b = bson_new_from_json ("{\"a\":1}", -1, &error);

if (!b) {
   printf ("Error: %s\n", error.message);
} else {
   bson_destroy (b);
}

Streaming JSON Parsing

Libbson provides bson_json_reader_t to allow for parsing a sequence of JSON documents into BSON. The interface is similar to bson_reader_t but expects the input to be in the MongoDB extended JSON format.

/*
 * Copyright 2013 MongoDB, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */


/*
 * This program will print each JSON document contained in the provided files
 * as a BSON string to STDOUT.
 */


#include <bson/bson.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>


int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
   bson_json_reader_t *reader;
   bson_error_t error;
   const char *filename;
   bson_t doc = BSON_INITIALIZER;
   int i;
   int b;

   /*
    * Print program usage if no arguments are provided.
    */
   if (argc == 1) {
      fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s FILE...\n", argv[0]);
      return 1;
   }

   /*
    * Process command line arguments expecting each to be a filename.
    */
   for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
      filename = argv[i];

      /*
       * Open the filename provided in command line arguments.
       */
      if (0 == strcmp (filename, "-")) {
         reader = bson_json_reader_new_from_fd (STDIN_FILENO, false);
      } else {
         if (!(reader = bson_json_reader_new_from_file (filename, &error))) {
            fprintf (
               stderr, "Failed to open \"%s\": %s\n", filename, error.message);
            continue;
         }
      }

      /*
       * Convert each incoming document to BSON and print to stdout.
       */
      while ((b = bson_json_reader_read (reader, &doc, &error))) {
         if (b < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "Error in json parsing:\n%s\n", error.message);
            abort ();
         }

         if (fwrite (bson_get_data (&doc), 1, doc.len, stdout) != doc.len) {
            fprintf (stderr, "Failed to write to stdout, exiting.\n");
            exit (1);
         }
         bson_reinit (&doc);
      }

      bson_json_reader_destroy (reader);
      bson_destroy (&doc);
   }

   return 0;
}

Examples

The following example reads BSON documents from stdin and prints them to stdout as JSON.

/*
 * Copyright 2013 MongoDB, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */


/*
 * This program will print each BSON document contained in the provided files
 * as a JSON string to STDOUT.
 */


#include <bson/bson.h>
#include <stdio.h>


int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
   bson_reader_t *reader;
   const bson_t *b;
   bson_error_t error;
   const char *filename;
   char *str;
   int i;

   /*
    * Print program usage if no arguments are provided.
    */
   if (argc == 1) {
      fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s [FILE | -]...\nUse - for STDIN.\n", argv[0]);
      return 1;
   }

   /*
    * Process command line arguments expecting each to be a filename.
    */
   for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
      filename = argv[i];

      if (strcmp (filename, "-") == 0) {
         reader = bson_reader_new_from_fd (STDIN_FILENO, false);
      } else {
         if (!(reader = bson_reader_new_from_file (filename, &error))) {
            fprintf (
               stderr, "Failed to open \"%s\": %s\n", filename, error.message);
            continue;
         }
      }

      /*
       * Convert each incoming document to JSON and print to stdout.
       */
      while ((b = bson_reader_read (reader, NULL))) {
         str = bson_as_canonical_extended_json (b, NULL);
         fprintf (stdout, "%s\n", str);
         bson_free (str);
      }

      /*
       * Cleanup after our reader, which closes the file descriptor.
       */
      bson_reader_destroy (reader);
   }

   return 0;
}